What is steam distribution in steam boilers?

Steam distribution refers to the process of delivering steam from the steam boilers to the various points of use in a system. In a typical steam boiler system, steam is generated in the boiler and then flows through a network of pipes to the points where it is needed, such as heating systems, process equipment, or turbines. Steam distribution systems can be of various sizes. Individual household systems may connect the boiler to a few key rooms such as the kitchen and bathroom, meanwhile, industrial-grade boilers can include far more advanced systems to provide steam throughout hundreds of rooms around a facility, such as a hospital, restaurant complex or factory.

The steam distribution system is an essential component of the overall steam system, and it is critical that steam is distributed evenly and efficiently to ensure maximum energy efficiency and maintenance of the desired steam pressure and temperature throughout the system.

A well-designed steam distribution system should consider factors such as the size and layout of the facility, the steam load variability requirements, and the operating conditions of the equipment being served. Proper pipe sizing, insulation, and valve selection are all critical components of a well-functioning steam distribution system.

However, steam distribution can be prone to several problems, which can compromise the performance of steam boilers.

Condensate build-up

Condensate build-up refers to the accumulation of liquid condensate in a steam boiler system. When the steam comes into contact with colder surfaces, it can condense back into the water, releasing heat in the process and reducing operative efficiency. Condensate can accumulate in low points of steam pipes, causing reduced steam flow and potential blockages. This can result in poor heat transfer, increased energy consumption, and decreased boiler efficiency.

Steam leakage

Steam leakage is another common steam distribution problem that can lead to a loss of energy and reduced boiler efficiency. Steam leakage can occur due to faulty steam valves, damaged steam pipes, or improper installation of steam distribution systems.

Uneven steam distribution

Uneven steam distribution can be caused by several factors, such as blockages or obstructions in the steam pipes, improperly sized pipes, or incorrect valve settings. The result is that some areas of the boiler or steam system will receive more steam than they need, while others will receive less. This can lead to inefficient operation, reduced steam quality and performance, increased wear and tear on the system, and potential safety hazards.

To fix this problem, the source must be identified. This may involve checking the steam pipes for blockages or damage, reviewing the pipe sizing and valve settings, and evaluating the overall steam system design. Once the source of the problem is identified, solutions may include adjusting valve settings, replacing damaged or undersized pipes, or installing additional piping to balance steam distribution.

Water hammer

Water hammer is a term used to describe a phenomenon that occurs when a sudden pressure change causes a rapid movement of fluid, creating a loud banging or hammering sound. In a steam system, water hammer occurs when steam and condensate are flowing in the same pipe, and a valve is suddenly closed, causing the momentum of the fluid to create a pressure surge that can cause pipes to vibrate, bang or even rupture. Incorrect valve sizing improperly installed steam traps, or incorrect system design can all lead to water hammering.

Corrosion

Corrosion is a common problem in steam distribution systems that can result in reduced boiler efficiency and increased energy consumption. This problem can occur from exposure to moisture, high temperatures, and chemical reactions. Corrosion-resistant materials should be used in steam boilers and distribution systems to avoid this issue occurring.

How to fix these steam boiler issues? 

The best way to fix most of these issues is by regular steam boiler and distribution system maintenance checks. Regular check-ups, cleaning of pipes, and installation and maintenance of steam traps are all essential parts of ensuring an optimally operating steam distribution system. Regular inspections can also help identify and prevent any leaks, blockages, or damage that has occurred to the pipe system, alongside any improperly installed infrastructure. Further solutions may involve adjusting valve settings and replacing incorrectly sized or faulty pipes.

Inefficient steam distribution can lead to exaggerated steam boiler operation costs. While it may seem expensive to fix the issue, the cost of inefficiency over time may balloon to be much greater if not resolved early.

Does your business need steam boiler experts?

Look no further than Tomlinson Energy Service. We maintain, repair, and install boilers whilst providing specialised and professional customer service. We are proud to offer you over 100 years of engineering and service expertise. In addition, as a member of the Environmental Group Limited (EGL), we are proudly committed to the preservation and protection of the environment.

When you need boiler expertise, call us at your state-specific telephone number or fill out our online contact form and we will get back to you.

When it comes to boilers, dry steam is used for many applications. This is due to the natural benefits of dry steam, which will be detailed in this article. First, you might be wondering what is meant by the term, dry steam. This term is used to describe steam that does not contain water particles, meaning that the moisture content of the steam is very low. This is where dry steam gets its name. The dryness of steam directly affects the amount of transferable energy that is in the steam. This in turn affects the quality of heating produced by a steam boiler. The use of dry steam is preferable for many applications and uses, including in improving steam boiler lifespan, and in the food processing industry. Keep reading to find out all about the benefits and uses of dry steam, and then to find out where to go for professional boiler services in Melbourne.

Dry Steam in Food Processing and Production

Dry steam is used in the food processing and production industry because of its many benefits. As we have explored, dry steam is able to transmit heat energy very efficiently, and the vapour is also able to flow/travel through cracks and crevices without trouble. There are therefore many benefits to using dry steam for sanitation and sterilisation in the food processing industry, including that it is highly efficient in killing bacteria, and that it leaves surfaces dry and ready for use.  Other advantages of dry steam include:

• Environmental benefits: The use of dry steam means that water is not used to wipe down and clean surfaces, machinery, and equipment, which is a better cleaning process for our environment
• Cleaning and sterilisation benefits: not only does dry steam disinfect and kill bacteria and other microorganisms, but it also has the ability to dissolve food and beverage residue, such as oils

Another important benefit of using dry steam in food processing and food production is that this steam has the potential to improve the quality of the finished product and ensure that it is safe for consumption. For instance, in fresh products that need to be dried, dry steam is used to ensure that harmful organisms are killed and that the product retains freshness, flavour, and colour.

Steam Purity and Dry Steam in Sterilisation Processes

Sterilisation is a critical feature of many important organisations such as hospitals and laboratories, which rely on these practices to safely function. Once again, dry steam is used in many cases for this because of its ability to completely sterilise surfaces and equipment safely and efficiently. In contrast, if wet steam is used in sterilisation processes, surplus water or moisture can settle on surfaces, can cause corrosion, and can prevent proper sterilisation. Hence, dry steam is not only preferable for sterilisation, but can be critically important in many instances.

Dry Steam and Boiler Lifespan

Dry steam is preferable for use in steam boilers because it can actually help to extend the lifespan of the boiler. When there is moisture present in steam, over time, this moisture can cause corrosion of valves and fittings. Because the moisture is transferred through wet steam at high velocities, this can increase erosion of boiler parts. It is also notable that moisture in steam is capable of transmitting impurities, and this is what can cause scaling within boiler pipes. This is why the use of dry steam is preferable over wet steam, as it has the capacity to extend the lifespan of boilers.

Dry Steam and Paper Production

Paper production is still such an important process even in the 21^st century. The process of manufacturing paper is a complex one that involves water, chemicals, energy, and cellulose that is extracted from the wood chips that paper is made of. Steam actually plays a large role in the production of paper, and dry steam is once again, preferable in this process over wet steam. In the process of making paper, one of the steps is drying the paper, which is done by pressing it through rollers steam-heated rollers. The rollers should be heated by dry steam in order to ensure that the moisture content of the finished paper does not go above the required levels. Paper that has a higher moisture content than allowable will be of a lesser quality than is desirable.

Do You Need Steam Boiler Experts?

Look no further than Tomlinson Energy Service. We maintain, repair, and install boilers whilst providing specialised and professional customer service. We are proud to offer you over 100 years of engineering and service expertise. In addition, as a member of the Environmental Group Limited (EGL), we are proudly committed to the preservation and protection of the environment.

When you need boiler expertise, call us at your state-specific telephone number or fill out our online contact form and we will get back to you.

Steam boilers are integral to many industries, and they have played a role in industrialisation since the times of industrial revolution. When your business or industry relies on boilers for heating, steam production, or another function, it’s important to have the information about how to get the most out of the lifespan of your boiler system. There are certain steps to take that can help to make the most and even potentially extend the life of your boiler, which is why we have put together this list of handy tips. Keep reading to find out all about the useful hints and tricks we have on how to get the most out of your steam boiler.

How Long Should a Boiler Last?

On average, you can expect to get 20 to 30 years of life and operation out of a steam-powered boiler. That being said, this varies depending on the application of your boiler, the particular setting it operates in, and the industry it is used in. If you follow the maintenance guidelines, and some of the tips in this article, you have a good chance of getting the most out of that average life expectancy mentioned above. Of course, ensuring that the proper safety and repair protocols are followed is essential if you hope to get decades out of your boiler.

Regular Maintenance

A cornerstone of extending the lifespan of a steam boiler is regular maintenance. This is true of any piece of machinery, or indeed, of anything that one values. If you wish to keep it spick and span, in good working order, safe, and extend its lifespan, then keeping up with maintenance is essential.

As mentioned, regular assessment and maintenance by a professional in boiler systems are also imperative to the safe functioning of the system, and the safety of those people who come into contact with it or are around it daily. This is one important reason for regularly scheduled maintenance, and another is that these check-ups can identify problems or concerns that may then be fixed before they turn into big issues for the system. This early intervention is then what can help to extend the steam boiler’s lifespan.

Check Water Quality

The quality of the water inside your boiler actually plays a large role in the quality of the operation of the boiler system. When hard water is used within the system, it leaves behind mineral deposits or scales during the process of conversion to steam. This build-up creates issues with the boiler working as it should, and can cause it to work overtime to compensate, putting pressure on the whole system.

You can mitigate the risk of mineral build-up and the accompanying safety risks that come with it, by installing or using a water softener as part of the boiler system. Check out this Wikipedia page for more information all about boilers, and then discover even more with 4 facts about steam boilers.

Know When to Replace

There are many considerations when it comes to steam-powered boilers, but one important one is knowing when it’s time to maintain and repair, and when it’s actually time to replace. This is a particularly important thing to consider when it comes to ensuring and maintaining the safety of your boiler system because boilers that need replacing can exhibit unsafe characteristics.

When it comes to knowing when a boiler might be coming to the end of its life, or you may be approaching the appropriate time for a replacement, there are several things to look out for:

Strange Noises: Unusual or irregular noises can indicate that something is wrong with your boiler, or that it could be approaching a breakdown. For example, banging noises, whistling noises, or gurgling sounds could be a sign that it’s time to have your boiler system assessed by a professional.

Loss of Pressure: If your boiler is regularly losing pressure, then this can also be a sign of an impending breakdown. Loss of pressure could be caused by a number of things, such as damage to the boiler pump, or damage to the pressure relief valve. It’s important to remember that if you do suspect something is wrong with your boiler, or that it is failing, you must consult a professional to have it inspected.

Do You Need Experts in Steam Boilers?

Here at Tomlinson Energy Service, we are proud to offer you more than 100 years of engineering and service experience. We provide unparalleled expertise in maintaining, repairing, and installing steam boilers, as well as other thermal energy system-related services. We provide exceptional customer service and a seamless customer experience. Plus, as a member of the Environmental Group Limited (EGL), we are proudly committed to the protection of the environment.

When you need boiler maintenance, repair, or installation, call us at your state-specific telephone number, or fill out our online contact form, and we will get back to you.

Boilers are a type of heating system that can be used to generate high-pressure steam-based energy. There are a variety of different types of steam boilers available, categorised by factors such as size, portability, how they function and more. What they all have in common is their use of fuel, to heat up hot water or generate steam. A common categorisation of boilers into ‘fire’ and ‘water’ boilers. This distinction refers to the design and heating features of the boilers.

A Short History of Boilers

Early steam generators were little more than kettles heated with a fire underneath. These were referred to as shell boilers and became common in the 17^th century, almost 2000 years after Hero’s the novelty machine, called an aelopile, (alo-op-illy), or rotary steam engine was invented. The concept of steam being used to do useful work developed until, in the early 1600’s, Brance, an Italian engineer developed the first workable steam turbine. From this point on the demand for higher pressure and higher temperature steam increased.

In 1740 John Allen realised that the way to increase boiler efficiency was to increase the contact time between the hot gas and the heating surface and he developed a shell boiler with a smoke flue winding back and forth through the shell. He also conceived the idea of a bellows in order to force air through the boiler and thus overcome the problem of oxygen depletion in the furnace, probably the forerunner of the modern forced draft fan. Then In 1804 Richard Trevithick designed a simple fire tube boiler with a cast iron shell and dished ends and this became the basis for further development resulting in the modern multi-pass fire tube boiler of today.

Engineers, even during the early stages of the development of the fire tube design, were considering other possibilities. Williams Blakey’s basic water tube steam generator, (1766) was the predecessor of the early water tube boiler and as the requirement for higher pressure steam boilers increased, engineers recognised that the shell boiler had limitations and the real development of the water tube boiler began. The first truly successful water tube design came in 1856 when Stephen Wilcox developed his boiler with improved water circulation and increased heating surface. This boiler was inherently safe and development continued rapidly, culminating in the highly complex modern water tube boiler that is capable of operating at high pressure and temperature.

Fire Tube Boilers

Fire tube boilers are sometimes referred to as shell boilers or drum boilers. The name is derived from the fact that; a), the hot combustion gases pass through the tubes and the medium to be heated passes around the tubes or, b), the heating surfaces are contained within a “Shell” as in a “Shell and Tube” heat exchanger or a “Drum”. The maximum output and pressure rating of a fire tube boiler is usually limited by the maximum furnace thickness allowed by the Code, (22mm), which limits the diameter and pressure.  In addition, a large diameter drum, (big enough to contain a furnace and tube bundle for the required heating surface), would need a disproportionate drum metal thickness in order to achieve the strength required, thus leading to increased manufacturing costs and weight.

A simple shell boiler comprises a drum into which is fitted a furnace tube, (housing the burner or fuel stoker), a rear combustion chamber or turning chamber, a bank, (or multiple banks) of tubes, referred to as smoke tubes or convection tubes and one or more smoke boxes or turning chambers. The tubes may be expanded or welded into the end plates of the shell, (the tube sheets), and there will be some heavy walled tubes called stay tubes and some solid bars called stay bars connecting the front and rear tube sheets. These are welded into the tube sheets and provide structural strength to the boiler. The boiler water is controlled at a level just covering the heated components, which allows some space for the collection of the steam. Various components are fitted to the drum to control the flow of feed water and steam and to protect against overpressure.

1      Wet and Dry Back Boilers

Shell boilers may be wet or dry back, (Fig 1).  A wet back boiler will have the rear combustion chamber water cooled thus increasing the heat exchange surface and eliminating the need for refractory to protect the rear outer casing of the boiler from excessive heat.

2      Multi Pass Boilers

Modern boilers are generally two or three pass (Fig.2), i.e. the combustion gas will pass through the furnace, (first, pass) and a number of tube banks, (the second and third passes), before exiting through the stack. Some types, referred to as Reverse Flame or Return Flame (Fig.3), have a furnace that is closed at one end, which forces the combustion gas to return upon itself before passing through a tube bank and exiting via the flue.

Water Tube Boilers

Water tube boilers (Fig. 4 and 5) are so called because the water passes through the tubes and the hot combustion gas passes around the tubes. Generally, a water tube boiler will have one or more drums into which the tubes are terminated. The configuration of the boiler will vary between types and manufacturers but generally, TES service technicians will be involved with bi-drum boilers such as the SD and SDGL  designs or the Tomlinson “O” Type In these types the bottom drum acts as a reservoir for storing a reserve of water and the top drum a separation point for the steam and water factions and as a vessel in which the level of water in the boiler can be controlled. Other configurations include “A” types in which two bottom drums are connected to a single top drum and single drum types in which the tubes themselves form the storage component of the boiler. Circulation may be natural or forced and is an important facet of the design of the boiler.

Because the pressure parts are relatively small in diameter a water tube boiler is able to operate at a much higher pressure than a shell boiler. Water tube boilers may be gas, liquid or solid fuel fired. Such fuels as coal, wood waste, bagasse, black liquor, sludge, industrial waste, municipal waste or a combination of different fuel types can be used and may produce up to 4,500 tonnes of steam/hr at up to 310 bar and 590^oC.

Tomlinson Energy has been one of the leading names within the Australian steam boiler industry for over a century. Boilers are an integral part of many businesses, so if you need help with installation, repair, or maintenance, get in contact to find out how we can support your business. Or check out our range of fire and water tube steam boiler products available today. With over a century of industry experience, Tomlinson Energy is a company you can count on to provide top-tier boiler services.

Get in contact with us at Tomlinson Energy Service via our contact form or call us at +61 3 8560 0419 to ensure smooth steam water boiler service and repair.